Notes
Note is the building block of music.
Total notes = 12 (7+5)
Natural notes = 7 → C D E F G A B
Accidental Notes = 5 → C#(Db) D#(Eb) F#(Gb) G#(Ab) A#(Bb)
B and E doesn’t have sharp (why?)
In case of piano, white keys play natural notes and black keys play sharp(#) or flat(b) notes.
Interval
An interval is a distance between two notes.
C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B C
- Half step interval = one semitone
- Whole step interval = two semitones = tone
Diminished - Step back
Augmented - Step Forward
C → C# = minor 2nd (half step)
C → D = Major 2nd (whole step)
C → D# = minor 3rd ⭐
C → E = Major 3rd ⭐
C → F = Perfect 4th
C → F# = Tritone (three tone jump)
C → G = Perfect 5th ⭐
C → G# = minor 6th
C → A = Major 6th
C → A# = minor 7th
C → B = Major 7th
C → C = Octave
Chords
Major = Root → M3 → P5
Minor = Root → m3 →P5
Example
C chord
1 → Root i.e. C
2 →
. take a note with min interval (m3) for C Minor = D#
. take a note with max interval (M3) for C Major = E
3 → Perfect 5th of root i.e G
What are the different types of chords?
Scales
Formula
Major Scale
W W H W W W H
Minor Scale
W H W W H W W
Major → Minor
Just flat 3rd, 6th, 7th Notes
C Major Scale
C → D E F G A B C
C Minor Scale
C → D D# F G G# A# C